Celebrating a Decade: Bangles, Beauty and South Asian Spirit: Part 2

First published on October 20, 2013, this one is not as popular as its prequel---(click here to read), but it is pretty popular still......

A young Nepali girl wearing green bangles. Green is the color of auspiciousness 

A brief writing about the last post. I have been busy. But I also wanted two continuous posts about bangles. Just one post was not enough to illustrate the place of bangles in south asia.

Even when I was writing the post, I knew that there was too much information in too many directions. The post was bound to be a bit disorganized. But I simply wanted to put it all together. If I had more time the post would be better organized.

So, apologies about the lack of clarity or a common strain in the various aspects covered in the last story. Except that one solitary focus on bangles.

Often due to lack of time, my work on blogs is sporadic. This post alone has been worked on numerous times, and I must publish it before it blocks my day work.  This is less than satisfactory for me, but I hope the readers will pardon me this time.

At times I am glad I am not doing this professionally. But I won't deny that the little readership I have, makes me feel connected to the cloud of people out there.

Out there, someone is waiting to read what I have to say. I can see that people are reading the blog, but it would be nice to get some comments back occasionally (not a hint or a request, just an observation, after all I do not write about controversial topics that generates heated debates.). But occasionally I do want to know that my comments are hitting home or making sense to the readers, or evoking some feelings.

Continuing on from the last post, there are a few things I still wanted to elaborate on with regards bangles. Please note that there are several links in this post, for all those who are interested in looking at appropriate images and reading more about various kind of art work.  You will understand what I mean by diversity in Indian art. 

Ingenuity of Indian Art: 

In all my travels no place matches the art and intricacy and diversity of art available in India. (Alright, so I am biased, but there is truly something special about India, which is a sub-continent, a civilization and not a country). When I was in Fiji I saw much basket-work, or work on Tapa (a fabric created by beating coconut bark) --in Botswana it was both basket work and beadwork, Sweden has much embroidery and woodwork. All these forms of art are practiced in India, only, in an even more detailed fashion. I considered purchasing large Fijian mats that were used instead of carpets. Made of straw and palm leaves the mats were lightweight and cool on the body, at the same time providing a protection from direct heat (outdoors) or cold (indoors) of the ground. And wouldn't know you it, that I saw the same mats being sold in central Delhi, only they were made by Indians.

The same goes about bangles. While there is much art found in jewelry around the world, the generational knowledge (and research) focusing on one art is possible only in India. This requires a separate post, but caste system that is usually denounced around the world had many plus points. It must be denounced in the form it exists today and how it resulted in after degeneration of the society. 

The exquisiteness of Indian art can no doubt be credited to generational work on one specific art form, which was a result of  caste divisions.  Th blacksmiths worked with iron, gold smiths in gold, and leather in leather.  For generations, and so knew their material, as they know family. They knew the heat it could withstand, how to wet it and soak it, how to mold it, and when the material will get testy and not respond to the artisan.  And how then, just like a family member must we work with the material --so that it may comply.  That form of understanding your material and art was not about going to art school and then charging a thousand bucks for a piece of art that was not just abstract but also probably not of any use. A separate post is required to make clear what was the reason behind caste system. Having said that, divisions based on birth are not acceptable. But it must be borne in mind, that the highest caste in India, was also the poorest. Brahmins never had money, but they were rich in the mind--the knowledge bearers of a society.   Not the same as in western class system, which was based completely in economics.

Back to bangles: The art of making bangles, with regards to the material used or the embellishments used varies from state to state (region to region--since state is a new word). Artisans used what was available and studied the material. For example, the last post talks about 'lac' and how it is prepared to create a certain kind of substance that can then be used to form jewelry.

One personal story that I remember is from when I lived in Delhi. Delhi, being the capital city, also showcases national art, both in museums and emporiums. While Museums are for the composite knowledge on display emporiums are where art is showcased to be sold. You can spend days just browsing through the emporiums in central Delhi. There are nearly thirty of these emporiums dedicated to every state and sometimes special skill, e.g. handloom industry. Khadi Gram Udyog--(cottage industry--focusing on handmade art from natural materials)--has an emporium that sells everything from sarees, to loose fabric, to embroidered fabric to handmade paper to, jewelry all made by hand, but using only natural fibers. I loved their papers made of silk and wheat husk. Now, they have also started a make-up line.

There were a few artisans who would set a deal with the emporiums and provide customized services privately at the showrooms. For example, one woman would say, I know how to embroider and can provide the customers would a personalized service. Another artisan would do the same with jewelry. So, when we were young girls we would go to Rajasthan emporium, the state famous for 'lac' jewelry, with our outfits, tell the artisan sitting outside there...'Bhiyaaji (dear brother) would you please make us earrings that match this color'. Sure he would nod humbly and tell us to collect that in a few hours.

Yes, a few hours!! And there we would have earrings and bangles matching to our outfits, right length, right size and right color. I have not seen that in a while, so I am assuming that aspect of personalized service does not continue anymore.

Other kinds of work that Indian bangles are known for are minakari (enamel work), kundan (gemstone jewelry) and cutwork. Kundan is usually stone work. Minakari, the art of ornamenting the surface of metal, is the enamel work that was done at the base of kundan work. Therefore, meenakari did not get its due recognition until late. Now minakari work is used for everything from jewelry to furnishings.  Here you can get a little peek into it. 

Cutwork, is quite intricate work on metal and other materials. Although it is not that common on bangles, it can be seen often on earrings.

Bangles, Memories and Love:

With regards to culture and traditions around bangles, the one popular one for young girls is 'gauging love'. Similar to the idea of breaking a petal off a flower and alternating it with 'he loves you, he loves you not' is the tradition of breaking a bangle in your friend's hand and testing how much your friend or lover loves you. A small, fine splinter of glass indicates much love, and big one, the opposite. And ofcourse these rules are not set in stone, girls are known to change them. Often times if a friend is moving to another town girls would try breaking the already broken bangle in each other’s palm to gauge their love for each other. The only difference is that it was used both for platonic and romantic relationships.

And the other story is a bit personal, told to me by my mom. Mothers often are known only for taking care of us. We forget that they have their own lives or had a better one than we can imagine. I once heard my nephew tell my sister in surprise, ‘Ma, I did not know you could ride a bike’ as she gave him a short bike ride. I laughed. I felt the same way about my mom. I cannot believe when she tells me that riding bikes was her preferred mode of transportation. Or even more that she used her brother’s bikes which were a size taller for her height. So, when she told me this story, I was more than surprised about how little we know about our parents. i must have been in 7-8th grade at the time. I was describing the pain in my arms after having written a long examination. and my mom started shared her story about her jingling bangles as she wrote her exams. The guy sitting behind her kept pestering her to her help her with the answers. She would whisper, ‘Sorry, I can’t, its dangerous’. At the end of the exam, he yelled at her, ‘Why did you not share the answers’. Mom said, 'I don't know what I was writing'. 'by the jingle of your bangles,' he said, it seemed like you had a lot to say. You just won’t share the answers with me.’ And also mentioned that ‘the noise of bangles disturbed his concentration, and therefore affected his performance in the exam!!'

I still think of that story and talked to my mom about it recently. There they were...the bangles talking their own talk, the khan-khan-khan. By the way, the bangles go khan-khan or Chhan-Chhan. The anklets, go Chhan-Chhan, or Jhan-Jhan.

Rituals and Bangles:

I had mentioned in an older post glass bangles had purpose other than just decorative or traditional and social. Glass bangles were supposed to protect a woman from evil eye. 

Although bollywood has always associated Indian brides with red, green-glass bangles are often used by some communities to show prosperity in the woman's life. I guess that peasant communities used green color as a sign of prosperity. A detailed account of difference between plastic and glass bangles, both aesthetically and energetically can be found here.

While both married and unmarried women enjoy glass bangles, widows are not allowed to wear any jewelry along with other signs of shringar (adornment). This commercial takes advantage of that cultural notion to promote ‘permanent markers’. And since bangles and other shringar are considered auspicious, it is considered inauspicious, to have arms bereft of the colourful adornments.

Although now Indian women are all gung-ho about gold, silver and diamond bangles (no exaggeration--they actually spend money on them..and then wear them--often) the colored glass bangles that are deemed to be more beneficial than those made of expensive metals. Green and red glass bangles are especially auspicious for married women. In the state of Maharashtra, women wear these on all special occasions. In fact, pregnant women are given green glass bangles to wear on both their arms.

The following para that talks about differences in the relevance and use of bangles across the Indian state is taken directly from an article in The Hindu, an Indian daily:

In Northern India and in the South, red assumes ritualistic relevance. In Bengal, married women wear red and white bangles. The white bangle is beautifully crafted from conch while the red is made either of coral or lac. While the red and white ones are quite important as a symbol of matrimony, what is crucial is the loha or iron kada that is worn along with them. Some Bengalis get the loha (iron) gold-plated rather skillfully, giving it a more contemporary look. The custom of the bride wearing ivory bangles extends from Punjab to Gujarat and Rajasthan. In Gujarat, the bride receives an ivory bangle from her family just before marriage. The saptapadi (or the seven rounds around the sacred fire) cannot be carried out without her wearing this bangle. Rajasthani brides wear ivory bangles on their arms and forearms, right up to their shoulders. In Punjab, the bride is given very slender and delicate red and white bangles in ivory, in multiples of four. These are called choodas. Of course, these have now been replaced with white plastic and red lac bangles, while the Bengalis still stand by tradition.

The only time that a married woman removes her glass-bangles is either at labour while having a baby or when she is widowed. Although widows are still allowed to wear some gold bangles on their arms. As stated earlier, bare arms are not an auspicious sign. My mom’s wedding chooda was made entirely of ivory. Today, using Ivory is frowned upon, but it must be borne in mind that this ivory chooda was to be passed down generation. The bride wore it till the color of the chooda ran out and then it was painted again for the new bride in the family. In that sense, there was economy of its use and an elephant was not killed every other day for the purpose.

Some communities have a special ‘bangle ceremony’ for pregnant women. These bangles are supposed to keep the evils spirits away and keep both mother and the child safe.

Bangles (derived from the Sankrit/ Hindi word bangri or bangali, which means the ornament that adorns the arm) have become a fashion statement today. Young women wear bangles by the dozen both for the jingling sound and as a trendy accessory to match with their clothes. Two cities associated with making these strikingly beautiful bangles are Hyderabad and Firozabad.

In addition, green bangles are also thought to invite love. (Nepali) women look to green bangles for success in affairs of the heart. 

During the monsoon month of Shrawan, (the fifth month, or the holy month, according to Nepali/hindu/solar calendar), green rules not only the natural environment but also the hands of women.

Both married and unmarried women, can be seen with dozens of green glass bangles around their hands. Married women, wear green glass bangles in their hands and a string of green pote (glass beads) around their necks.

Even widows who are not supposed to wear any glass bangles wear green tika (vermilion powder put on forehead) for the prosperity of their children in the month of Shrawan.

Depending on the materials used on bangles their price can be different. Simple glass bangles cost NRs 10 to 15 (US$0.22-0.32) per dozen, but the carved bangles are priced from NRs 25 to 500 ($0.54-10.75) per dozen.

All glass bangles are slender, round in shape and found in different colors. Bangles are worn in the dozens, and typically on the left hand. Wearing them on the right hand means they are more likely to break due to work.  Lefties, therefore, would prefer to wear it in their right hand.

All said and done, bangles are considered 'traitors' for they leave an echo behind and the woman must take off for any secret liason with her lover. The conundrum ---to take off--what delights!! 

Celebrating a Decade: Outdoors in Spring, Spring in Sweden

Last published on March 3, 2018, here it is again.  One of the popular posts. Guess everyone wants to know how is it 'Outdoors in Sweden'

First published on April 20, 2011--republishing it here, since someone just asked me, why don't you sit outside and work.....since its spring, it can be refreshing.  My response, there is about 5 inches of snow on the ground. And yes, it is spring!!

The above picture was taken nearly four weeks ago.  I was in town for work.  A two day conference.  I saw from a distance --several people sitting outdoors wearing what looked like long fleece skirts. May be a uniform, I thought. 

A closer look explained it all. These were blankets provided by the cafe, so people could enjoy no snow, no biting cold days outdoors.  Just in case, it was too cold for you, which it was for many, here are pretty red blankets---and voila!!

Remnants of snow, from four weeks ago.  Although we did get snow about three times since, we have had no snow sighting for two weeks now.

 What seems like a random shot was framed with the idea of capturing that little kid, playing in the puddle show below.  He/she ran away too fast....

Nature's Slushies!!

Lisbon, Nottingham, Race & Gender

I have about 100 drafts on this website. Yes, 100!  With some writing and some pictures.  So, often I have no time to go back and check.  But browsing through some drafts I found this one from 2011.  It did not even have a title but just took the first words in the post --Lisbon, Portugal and turned it into the title by default. Which caught my attention.  

I was there for a conference.  I remember this picture because a stranger who I talked to for an hour took it.  I remember it because I had lied and made up a few things about myself while talking to him.  The thing is when you travel as much as I have, people cannot locate you, and they cannot exactly place you.  For a long time, I did not know this.  But I learnt it over the years.  When I was called, a Mexican,  a Spanish,  a Siberian,  a Chinese,  a Nepali,  an Italian, an Australian (often in Fiji) and the best 'a half-breed'.  So much so that an Indian woman in Fiji, my first semester there, after asking me a few times where I was from, and me explaining that I grew up in India--finally asked me, "No, so what race are you?'.

Race is an interesting concept. I had none, until I left India.  We do not talk in terms of race. Indian is not a race. Its a culture. A civilisation.  But no race.  Why? Its one of the oldest surviving civilisations and also has experienced much more mixing of people than possibly anywhere else in the world (a geneticist who studies this told me).  So even in a country like the US and definitely in Europe, people of Euro origin have intermixed more among themselves than other races, and the same goes for other races there--afro origin, asian, etc. It might be changing slightly, but will take a long time to arrive at what is a country like India.  We have 'everything'.  People who look white and those who look oriental and those who look african and oh yes middle eastern with that peculiar nose.  

  For those who are interested in learning more can read in this new study  (Craniofacial reconstruction of the Indus Valley Civilization individuals found at 4500-year-old Rakhigarhi cemetery)to see what Indians 1000s of years ago looked like. You cannot really place them in any part of the world. They seem to have all kinds of features. 

So I have no race.  

We have intermingled for 1000s of years.  But it was in the US where this question became so very important.  Now after applying for jobs and grants around them world I have realised how important that question is mainly in the predominantly 'white nations'.  The questions on gets asked are obviously --gender (and presently they add questions on in-between genders, including non-binary), race, religion, disability etc.

Race--religion--why is that important?  At least when I was growing up, we were never asked that in India.  May be our names told it all. I will not be surprised if they start asking those questions, what with missionaries converting like crazy and people keeping their old names to get some benefits.  They can get benefits as christians as minorities and with their names they claim benefits of the backward classes.  It also allows them easy blending in a Hindu majority country.  Its cheating but many do it.  So may be now in India too we will start asking about religion on the questionnaires.  

But race?  We are all one race.  Even those with different skin colors.  In one family we can have different colors.  Interesting how in countries like Fiji and Botswana they almost called me white, where as most of my 'white' friends, especially the ones in north America  always mentioned 'how dark I was'.  Reminds me how Gandhi's son talked about being beaten up by blacks in South Africa for not being black enough and by whites for not being white. :)

Lisbon, Porgutal, 

So, in Lisbon, after the conference was over, I had about 20 hrs left and I decided to see the city.  Met this guy from Greece, who tried to guess where I was from and failed miserably. I do not remember what I told him.  I definitely am honest about being an Indian --but other things I let slide to give me privacy and a sense of security.  Those things include talking about length of my marriage and the number of my children.  I am not alone in this.  In my travels I have met many women, mostly white and asian, who talk about wearing a wedding ring to create a ring of security around them when travelling. Women have shared with me how they usually talk about their husband coming to visit in a day or so. 'We are travelling and will meet in the capital city in two days. We wanted to see different cities', they tell fellow male travellers. In this case I spun stories as well. It was fun and made me feel safe. 

Another experience when you are travelling happens when you are having a decent chat with someone and the guy usually says, 'Can I buy you a drink?'. I want to shake my head hard and say emphatically, 'No, absolutely not' who do you think I am?' But I usually make up stuff like, I have a bus to Portugal in 20 minutes, or I am leaving town tonight. I detest this way of buying someone's time. Coming from where I come from, girls from good families would never ever do this. And what strange way of buying someone's time.  We buy drinks and meals for our friends all the time, but we have known them a long time and that act is not 'buying' but a contribution towards an ongoing relationship.  Has meaning. 

A male friend said he never lied when he was travelling. 'Ah, the male privilege!!'  I am not a gender-studies person, nor do I believe in this crazy 'female independence' (another post is required on it--I believe in interdependence of the genders, males and females need each other).  But I do believe in biological advantage.  Well, one does not have to believe in it, it is.  

It just is.

A woman has years of fertility, men usually don't.  Women are more vulnerable during travel, men are not.  Not as much.  Men have more physical strength, women do not.  Physically, women are weaker.  Here is women's advantage: they get pregnant and they can choose not to share it with the man.  Walk away, abort the child without his permission or never tell him.  Ofcourse paternity tests today can help, but what if she aborts without the man knowing.  That is biological advantage. And as a researcher let me add 'Given all things constant' meaning exceptions exist and somethings can be altered--but there is such a thing as nature and our societies understood that.  And therefore most cultures placed importance on women taking care of themselves. Not provoking men or placing themselves in dangerous situations.  A friend and I debated recently over this (a real good friend)--that women should not be blamed for dressing the way they do, or putting themselves in harm's way if something bad happens to them.  My answer is what my older cousin shared with me.  When you know that you have splinters and glass spread all over the road outside of your house, it is stupid to want to put responsibility on the street cleaners and blame them if everything is not clean. And one cannot wait to leave the house.  Instead, the wise thing to do is to wear shoes.  Secure your feet.  And then help the cleaners clean, work with the community on weekends to clean it.  But keep wearing your shoes until yo know its completely safe!!

Today in this female independence environment women are told that the problem is always 'on the outside. and that we can and must teach men to be different/better.  Absolutely we can!

But we ALWAYS have.  That is why there was always a difference between men who were raised well and those who were not.  In India joint families were great for that reason. Men grew up with aunties and sisters and cousins and had to learn how to behave with women.  Sure there are some men who are not that good or caring.  But this image of men as animals especially in non-western cultures is definitely media generated.  I can say this from my experience. But we should never forget--never forget there is such a thing as biology and nature.  When we ignore that we create a schizophrenic society, as I see much in the west --with non western societies hopelessly following suit. Without any thought.  So in our present day societies women have become like men, taking all responsibility and doing much more.  Men on the other hand have not learnt to be like women.  They cannot.  And may be that also keeps a bit of sanity to this world (a detailed post on that will come later).

Nottingham, January, 2011

But what I do do is talk to children. All over the world. Grateful when their parents allow me to talk to them. I think we do not give them enough attention.  So I can say 'I love you' in about 13-16 languages.  Hindi, Urdu, English, Spanish, Swedish, German, Russian, Magyar (Hungarian), Setswana, Punjabi, Bengali, Gujarati, French, Greek, Chinese, Polish (and now I am forgetting some)---I love to say that to children around the world.  It is so beautiful to see their expressions --a delight when they feel someone is giving them attention in their language. This above picture was with a little tourist in Nottingham, where I had gone for  some official work. 

Nottingham, January, 2011

So yes, I have no race--I am just a human being and often not even focussed on being a woman, but I have a heart and I speak the language of children....good enough?